Industries › NAICS 331
Primary Metal Manufacturing
NAICS subsector 331. OSHA inspections, injury summaries, Wage and Hour cases and OFLC filings for employers classified in the subsector.
Primary Metal Manufacturing (NAICS 331) accounts for 6,792 OSHA inspections since 2016, 0.9% of all inspections, with $44M in current penalties ($6,476 per inspection; all industries $3,754).
Wage and Hour Division cases concluded in the industry number 523, with $6.4M in back wages agreed to pay. Employers in the industry filed 973 labor condition applications and 314 PERM applications in the fiscal years covered.
1,852 establishments reported 2025 injury summaries: a total recordable case rate of 2.9 per 100 full-time workers, close to the 3.5 across all reporting establishments; the median reporting establishment has a rate of 2.9 (quartiles 0.9–6.2).
OSHA inspections and citations
Citations may be contested; the status shown reflects the record at the data date. Enforcement data through 14 Sep 2026.
| Measure | NAICS 331 | All industries |
|---|---|---|
| Citations per inspection | 2.1 | 1.9 |
| Current penalty per inspection | $6,476 | $3,754 |
| Share of all inspections | 1% | 100% |
Most-cited standards
| Standard | Subject | Citations |
|---|---|---|
| 1910.147 | The control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout) | 1,358 |
| 1910.212 | Machinery and machine guarding, general requirements | 1,014 |
| 1910.134 | Respiratory protection | 759 |
| 1910.1200 | Hazard communication | 673 |
| 1910.178 | Powered industrial trucks | 581 |
| 1910.1053 | Respirable crystalline silica | 443 |
| 1910.305 | Electrical, wiring methods, components and equipment | 402 |
| 1910.132 | Personal protective equipment, general requirements | 384 |
| 1910.303 | Electrical, general requirements | 369 |
| 1910.1025 | Lead | 314 |
Employers with the most inspections
| Employer | City | Inspections |
|---|---|---|
| Travis Pattern & Foundry, INC | Spokane | 20 |
| Young corporation | Seattle | 20 |
| Blue Diamond Steel Casting LLC | Pigeon | 17 |
| General Aluminum Mfg. Company | Conneaut | 17 |
| Ak Steel | Dearborn | 16 |
| Carpenter Technology | Latrobe | 16 |
| Kaiser Aluminum Fabricated Products | Spokane Valley | 16 |
| Nemak USA Inc | Sheboygan | 16 |
| Keystone Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Peoria | 15 |
| Zekelman Industries, Inc. | Wheatland | 15 |
| Davis Wire Corp | Kent | 14 |
| Republic Steel | Canton | 14 |
| Spokane Industries | Spokane Valley | 14 |
| TimkenSteel | Canton | 14 |
| Welspun Tubular LLC | Little Rock | 14 |
| Intalco Aluminum LLC | Ferndale | 13 |
| Mueller Brass Company | Port Huron | 13 |
| UACJ Automotive Whitehall Industries Inc. | Ludington | 13 |
| United States Steel Corporation | Pittsburgh | 13 |
| Waupaca Foundry, Inc. | Waupaca | 13 |
The list names employers that have a page on this site (organisations above the size floor); the totals above count every record in the files.
Injuries Form 300A summaries
Establishments submit their own Form 300A summaries; OSHA publishes the data as submitted and does not verify it. Rates are per 100 full-time workers.
Injury-rate distribution, 2025
Total recordable case rates across 1,770 establishments with at least 20,000 hours worked; the pooled rate uses all 1,852 reporting establishments' hours and cases.
| Year | Establishments | Employees | Recordable cases | TRC rate | DART rate | Median establishment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2,068 | 368,189 | 12,747 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 3.5 |
| 2024 | 1,938 | 326,451 | 10,455 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 3.1 |
| 2025 | 1,852 | 309,226 | 9,405 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 2.9 |
Labor Wage and Hour Division
Concluded compliance actions since fiscal year 2005; amounts are back wages the employer agreed to pay, as recorded at case conclusion. Data through 15 Jun 2026.
Acts
| Act | Violations | Back wages |
|---|---|---|
| Fair Labor Standards Act | 10,383 | $5.4M |
| Davis-Bacon and Related Acts | 164 | $563K |
| Family and Medical Leave Act | 4,468 | $217K |
| H-1B provisions | 8 | $193K |
| Consumer Credit Protection Act | 3 | $418 |
| FLSA child labor provisions | 66 | $0 |
| Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act | 9 | $0 |
| Employee Polygraph Protection Act | 1 | $0 |
Employers with the largest back wages
| Employer | City | Back wages |
|---|---|---|
| Aerotek, Inc. | Hanover | $616,794 |
| Stillwater Mining Company | Columbus | $599,636 |
| AM/NS Calvert LLC | Calvert | $300,958 |
| Tampa Brass & Aluminum Corp | Tampa | $291,836 |
| Pace Industries | Harrison | $270,929 |
| Paragon Industries, Inc. | Sapulpa | $239,086 |
| ME Global, Inc. | Minneapolis | $182,944 |
| Jerry Cardullo Iron Works, Inc. | Bay Shore | $171,928 |
| Pries Enterprises Inc | Independence | $79,562 |
| Elite Workforce Management | Little Rock | $74,642 |
| Tower Extrusions LLC | Olney | $54,490 |
| Arcorp Structures LLC | Lisle | $41,500 |
| Sanders Lead Company | Troy | $41,314 |
| Pennsylvania Precision Cast Parts, Inc. | Lebanon | $36,646 |
| Trinity Fabricators, Inc. | Green Cove Springs | $35,810 |
The list names employers that have a page on this site (organisations above the size floor); the totals above count every record in the files.
Immigration OFLC labor condition applications and PERM
Employer-specific case information was provided to OFLC by employers who submitted foreign labor certification applications. These are not employer responses to the Bureau of Labor Statistics' survey. Data through 30 Jun 2026.
H-1B applications by fiscal year
PERM applications by fiscal year
Employers with the most H-1B applications
| Employer | City | Applications |
|---|---|---|
| Novelis Inc | Atlanta | 55 |
| Tenaris Bay City, Inc. | Houston | 49 |
| Welspun Pipes, Inc. | Little Rock | 30 |
| Big River Steel LLC | Osceola | 29 |
| Jindal Tubular USA LLC. | Bay Saint Louis | 22 |
| Primetals Technologies USA LLC | Alpharetta | 20 |
| ArcelorMittal Calvert LLC | Calvert | 19 |
| JSW Steel USA Inc. | Baytown | 19 |
| Hailiang Copper Texas Inc. | Sealy | 16 |
| North American Stainless | Ghent | 16 |
| Cleveland-Cliffs Steel LLC | West Chester | 15 |
| Gerdau Ameristeel US Inc. | Tampa | 14 |
| Jindal Pipe USA INC | Baytown | 12 |
| Alcoa Corporation | Pittsburgh | 11 |
| Boston Electrometallurgical Corporation | Woburn | 11 |
The list names employers that have a page on this site (organisations above the size floor); the totals above count every record in the files.
Questions and answers
Which employers in Primary Metal Manufacturing have the most OSHA inspections?
Travis Pattern & Foundry, INC (20), Young corporation (20), Blue Diamond Steel Casting LLC (17)
What is the injury rate in Primary Metal Manufacturing?
Establishments reporting for 2025 had a pooled total recordable case rate of 2.9 per 100 full-time workers; the median reporting establishment's rate is 2.9 with quartiles 0.9 to 6.2.
How many H-1B applications come from Primary Metal Manufacturing?
973 labor condition applications in fiscal years 2025–2026 and 314 PERM applications.
How much in back wages did the Wage and Hour Division find due in Primary Metal Manufacturing?
$6,429,025 agreed to pay across 523 concluded cases since fiscal year 2005.
Industry is the NAICS code on each record (the most common code where an employer's sources differ), grouped at the three-digit subsector. Sources: DOL enforcement data, OSHA ITA, OFLC disclosure data; see data sources and methodology.